Metadata

In this topic we talk about handling entities that you need in your tests (such as categories, products, wish lists, and similar) using the MFTF. Using data handling actions like [createData], [deleteData], [updateData], and [getData], you are able to create, delete, update, and read entities for your tests. The framework enables you to send HTTP requests with these statically defined data entities:

• Sending a REST API request
• Handling a REST API response
• Sending an HTML form encoded in URL

You have probably noticed that some modules in acceptance functional tests contain a directory, which is called Metadata.

Example of a module with Metadata:

Wishlist
├── Data
├── Metadata
├── Page
├── Section
└── Test

This directory contains XML files with metadata required to create a valid request to handle an entity defined in dataType. A metadata file contains a list of operations with different types (defined in type). Each operation includes:

• The set of adjustments for processing a request in attributes, and in some cases, a response (see successRegex, returnRegex and returnIndex in reference details).
• The type of body content encoding in contentType.
• The body of the request represented as a tree of objects, arrays, and fields.

When a test step requires handling the specified data entity, the MFTF performs the following steps:

• Reads input data (<data/>) and the type (the type attribute) of the specified entity.
• Searches the metadata operation for the dataType that matches the entity’s type. For example, <entity type="product"> matches <operation dataType="product".
• Forms a request of the operation and the input data of the entity according to matching metadata.
• Stores a response and provides access to its data using MFTF variables syntax in XML.

The following diagram demonstrates the XML structure of a metadata file:

Format

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<operations xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:mftf:DataGenerator/etc/dataOperation.xsd">
    <operation name=""
               dataType=""
               type=""
               auth=""
               url=""
               method="">
        <contentType></contentType>
        <object key="" dataType="">
            <field key="">integer</field>
            <field key="">string</field>
            <field key="">boolean</field>
            <array key="">
                <value>string</value>
            </array>
        </object>
    </operation>
</operations>

Principles

1. A dataType value must match the type value of the corresponding entity.
2. A file name should contain data type split with _ and must end with -meta. Example: product_attribute-meta.xml.
3. A metadata file may contain different types of operations (type) with the same data entity (dataType).

Example:

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  <operations>
      <operation type="create" dataType="category">
          ...
      </operation>
      <operation type="update" dataType="category">
          ...
      </operation>
      <operation type="delete" dataType="category">
          ...
      </operation>
      <operation type="get" dataType="category">
          ...
      </operation>
  </operations>

Handling entities using REST API

Sending a REST API request

The MFTF allows you to handle basic CRUD operations with an object using Magento REST API requests. To convert a request to the MFTF format, wrap the corresponding REST API request into XML tags according to the Reference documentation.

• GET is used for retrieving data from objects.
• POST is used for creating new objects.
• PUT is used for updating objects.
• DELETE is used for deleting objects.

This is an example of how to handle a category using REST API operations provided by the catalogCategoryRepositoryV1 service.

The above screenshot from the Magento REST API Reference demonstrates a list of available operations to:

• Delete a category by its identifier (method="DELETE")
• Get information about a category by its ID (method="GET")
• Create a new category (method="POST")
• Update category data by its ID (method="PUT")

We assume that our .env file sets MAGENTO_BASE_URL=https://example.com/ and MAGENTO_BACKEND_NAME=admin.

Create a simple category

Let’s see what happens when you create a category:

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<createData entity="_defaultCategory" stepKey="createPreReqCategory"/>

The MFTF searches in the Data directory an entity with <entity name="_defaultCategory"> and reads type of the entity. If there are more than one entity with the same name, all of the entities are merged.

Catalog/Data/CategoryData.xml:

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<entity name="_defaultCategory" type="category">
    <data key="name" unique="suffix">simpleCategory</data>
    <data key="name_lwr" unique="suffix">simplecategory</data>
    <data key="is_active">true</data>
</entity>

Here, type is equal to "category", which instructs the MFTF to search an operation with dataType="category". Since the action is to create a category, the MFTF will also search for operation with type="create" in Metadata for dataType="category".

Catalog/Metadata/category-meta.xml:

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<operation name="CreateCategory" dataType="category" type="create" auth="adminOauth" url="/V1/categories" method="POST">
    <contentType>application/json</contentType>
    <object key="category" dataType="category">
        <field key="parent_id">integer</field>
        <field key="name">string</field>
        <field key="is_active">boolean</field>
        <field key="position">integer</field>
        <field key="level">integer</field>
        <field key="children">string</field>
        <field key="created_at">string</field>
        <field key="updated_at">string</field>
        <field key="path">string</field>
        <field key="include_in_menu">boolean</field>
        <array key="available_sort_by">
            <value>string</value>
        </array>
        <field key="extension_attributes">empty_extension_attribute</field>
        <array key="custom_attributes">
            <value>custom_attribute</value>
        </array>
    </object>
</operation>

(The corresponding operation is provided by catalogCategoryRepositoryV1 in REST API.)

The following is encoded in <operation>:

• name="CreateCategory" defines a descriptive name of the operation, which is used for merging if needed.
• dataType="category" defines a relation with data entities with input data for a Category (<entity type="category">).
• auth="adminOauth" defines OAuth authorization, which is required for the Admin area.
• url="/V1/categories" defines a routing URL to the corresponding service class. (The request will be sent to https://example.com/rest/V1/categories if MAGENTO_BASE_URL=https://example.com/ and MAGENTO_BACKEND_NAME=admin are set in the acceptance/.env configuration file.)
• method="POST" defines a POST method of the HTTP request.

<contentType>application/json</contentType> defines a content type of the REST API request, which is set as application/json here.

The parameter that declares a body of the request is catalogCategoryRepositoryV1SavePostBody. Using the Reference, we can trace how the JSON request was converted into XML representation.

Model schema for catalogCategoryRepositoryV1SavePostBody with XML representation of Catalog/Metadata/category-meta.xml in comments:

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{                                           // XML representation in the MFTF metadata format (see 'Catalog/Metadata/category-meta.xml')
  "category": {                             // <object key="category" dataType="category">
    "id": 0,                                // Skipped, because Category ID is not available on UI when you create a new category.
    "parent_id": 0,                         // <field key="parent_id">integer</field>
    "name": "string",                       // <field key="name">string</field>
    "is_active": true,                      // <field key="is_active">boolean</field>
    "position": 0,                          // <field key="position">integer</field>
    "level": 0,                             // <field key="level">integer</field>
    "children": "string",                   // <field key="children">string</field>
    "created_at": "string",                 // <field key="created_at">string</field>
    "updated_at": "string",                 // <field key="updated_at">string</field>
    "path": "string",                       // <field key="path">string</field>
    "available_sort_by": [                  // <array key="available_sort_by">
      "string"                              // <value>string</value>
    ],                                      // </array>
    "include_in_menu": true,                // <field key="include_in_menu">boolean</field>
    "extension_attributes": {},             // <field key="extension_attributes">empty_extension_attribute</field>, where 'empty_extension_attribute' is a reference to operation with 'dataType="empty_extension_attribute"' (see 'Catalog/Metadata/empty_extension_attribute-meta.xml')
    "custom_attributes": [                  // <array key="custom_attributes">
      {                                     // <value>custom_attribute</value>, where 'custom_attribute' is a reference to operation with 'dataType="custom_attribute"' (see 'Catalog/Metadata/custom_attribute-meta.xml')
        "attribute_code": "string",
        "value": "string"
      }
    ]                                       // </array>
  }                                         // </object>
}

So, the body of a REST API request that creates a simple category is the following:

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{                                             // XML representation of input data used to create a simple category ("Catalog/Data/CategoryData.xml")
  "category": {                               // <entity name="_defaultCategory" type="category">
    "name": "simpleCategory_0986576456",      // <data key="name" unique="suffix">simpleCategory</data>
    "is_active": true                         // <data key="is_active">true</data>
  }                                           // </entity>
}

Create an object as a guest

The corresponding test step is:

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<createData entity="guestCart" stepKey="createGuestCart"/>

The MFTF searches in the Data directory an entity with <entity name="guestCart"> and reads type.

Quote/Data/GuestCartData.xml:

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<entity name="guestCart" type="guestCart">
</entity>

type="guestCart" points to the operation with dataType=guestCart" and type="create" in the Metadata directory.

Catalog/Data/CategoryData.xml:

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<operation name="CreateGuestCart" dataType="guestCart" type="create" auth="anonymous" url="/V1/guest-carts" method="POST">
    <contentType>application/json</contentType>
</operation>

As a result, the MFTF sends an unauthorized POST request with an empty body to the https://example.com/rest/V1/guest-carts and stores the single string response that the endpoint returns.

Handling a REST API response

There are cases when you need to reuse the data that Magento responded with to your POST request.

Let’s see how to handle data after you created a category with custom attributes:

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<createData entity="customizedCategory" stepKey="createPreReqCategory"/>

The MFTF receives the corresponding JSON response and enables you to reference its data using a variable of format:

$ stepKey . JsonKey $

Example:

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$createPreReqCategory.id$

And for a custom attribute:

$ stepKey .custom_attributes[ attribute key ]$

Example:

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$createPreReqCategory.custom_attributes[is_anchor]$

The following example of response in JSON demonstrates how to reference data on the root level and as data in custom attributes:

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{
    "id": 7,                                          //$createPreReqCategory.id$
    "parent_id": 2,                                   //$createPreReqCategory.parent_id$
    "name": "simpleCategory_0986576456",              //$createPreReqCategory.is_active$
    "is_active": true,
    "position": 5,
    "level": 2,
    "children": "",
    "created_at": "2018-05-08 14:27:18",
    "updated_at": "2018-05-08 14:27:18",
    "path": "1/2/7",
    "available_sort_by": [],
    "include_in_menu": true,
    "custom_attributes": [
        {
            "attribute_code": "is_anchor",
            "value": "1"                              //$createPreReqCategory.custom_attributes[is_anchor]$
        },
        {
            "attribute_code": "path",
            "value": "1/2/7"                          //$createPreReqCategory.custom_attributes[path]$
        },
        {
            "attribute_code": "children_count",
            "value": "0"
        },
        {
            "attribute_code": "url_key",
            "value": "simplecategory5af1b41cd58fb4"   //$createPreReqCategory.custom_attributes[url_key]$
        },
        {
            "attribute_code": "url_path",
            "value": "simplecategory5af1b41cd58fb4"
        }
    ],
}
}

Handling entities using HTML forms

For cases when REST API is not applicable, you may use HTML forms (when all object parameters are encoded in a URL as key=name attributes). There are two different attributes to split access to different areas:

• auth="adminFormKey" is used for objects in an Admin area.
• auth="customerFormKey" is used for objects in a storefront.

You are able to create assurances with successRegex, and, optionally, return values with returnRegex. You can also use returnIndex when returnRegex matches multiple values.

Create an object in Admin

The CreateStoreGroup operation is used to persist a store group:

Source file is Store/Metadata/store_group-meta.xml:

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<operation name="CreateStoreGroup" dataType="group" type="create" auth="adminFormKey" url="/admin/system_store/save" method="POST" successRegex="/messages-message-success/" >
    <contentType>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</contentType>
    <object dataType="group" key="group">
        <field key="group_id">string</field>
        <field key="name">string</field>
        <field key="code">string</field>
        <field key="root_category_id">integer</field>
        <field key="website_id">integer</field>
    </object>
    <field key="store_action">string</field>
    <field key="store_type">string</field>
</operation>

The operation is called when <createData> (type="create") points to a data entity of type "group" (dataType="group"). It sends a POST request (method="POST") to http://example.com/admin/system_store/save (url="/admin/system_store/save") that is authorized for the Admin area (auth="adminFormKey"). The request contains HTML form data encoded in the application/x-www-form-urlencoded content type (<contentType>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</contentType>). If the returned HTML code contains the messages-message-success string, it is resolved as successful.

The operation enables you to assign the following form fields:

• group/group_id
• group/name
• group/code
• group/root_category_id
• group/website_id
• store_action
• store_type

Create an object in storefront

The MFTF uses the CreateWishlist operation to create a wish list on storefront:

Source file is Wishlist/Metadata/wishlist-meta.xml

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<operation name="CreateWishlist" dataType="wishlist" type="create" auth="customerFormKey" url="/wishlist/index/add/" method="POST" successRegex="" returnRegex="~\/wishlist_id\/(\d*?)\/~" >
    <contentType>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</contentType>
    <field key="product">integer</field>
    <field key="customer_email">string</field>
    <field key="customer_password">string</field>
</operation>

The operation is used when <createData> (type="create") points to a data entity of type "wishlist" (dataType="wishlist"). It sends a POST request (method="POST") to http://example.com/wishlist/index/add/ (url="wishlist/index/add/") as a customer (auth="customerFormKey"). The request contains HTML form data encoded in the application/x-www-form-urlencoded content type (<contentType>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</contentType>). If the returned HTML code contains a string that matches the regular expression ~\/wishlist_id\/(\d*?)\/~, it returns the matching value.

The operation assigns three form fields:

• product
• customer_email
• customer_password

Reference

operations

Root element that points to the corresponding XML Schema.

operation

• *url - full URL is a concatenation of ENV.baseUrl + /rest/ + url. To reuse data of a required entity or returned response use a field key wrapped in curly braces such as {sku}. When the data to reuse is of a different type, declare also the type of data such as {product.sku}. Example: "/V1/products/{product.sku}/media/{id}".

• **auth - available values:

• adminOath is used for REST API persistence in the Admin area with OAuth-based authentication.
• adminFormKey is used for HTML form persistence in the Admin area.
• customerFormKey is used for HTML form persistence in the Customer area.
• anonymous is used for REST API persistence without authorization.

contentType

Sets one of the following operation types:

• application/json is used for REST API operations.
• application/x-www-form-urlencoded is used for HTML form operations.

object

Representation of a complex entity that may contain fields, arrays, and objects. An object must match the entity of the same type.

field

Representation of HTML form or REST API fields.

array

Representation of an array.

It contains one or more value elements.

value

Declares a data type for items within <array>.

Example of an array with value of a primitive data type

Metadata declaration of the operation schema:

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<array key="tax_rate_ids">
    <value>integer</value>
</array>

The value can contain one or more items.

Data entity with the corresponding assignment:

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<array key="tax_rate_ids">
    <item>1</item>
    <item>2</item>
</array>

• Resulted JSON request:

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"tax_rate_ids":
    [
        "item": 1,
        "item": 2
    ]

Example of an array containing data entities

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<array key="product_options">
    <value>product_option</value>
</array>

The value declares the product_options array that contains one or more entities of the product_option data type.

Example of an array containing a particular data field

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<array key="tax_rate_ids">
    <value>tax_rate.id</value>
</array>

The value declares the tax_rate_ids array that contains one or more id fields of the tax_rate data type entity.

header

An additional parameter in REST API request.

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<header param="status">available</header>

param

An additional parameter in URL.

Example:

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<param key="status">someValue</param>